Below mentioned precautionary measures should be taken:
- Vaccines work by stimulating an immune response in an animal without causing the disease itself.
- The bottle should be thoroughly shaken prior to use.
- The syringes, needles and other instruments should be sterilized before use.
- Vaccine can raise the body temperature of recipient animal upto 1-2oF.
- Vaccine can cause anaphylactic reaction, rarely. Therefore the supportive medicines should be available with the vaccinator to handle any emergency situation / untoward reaction.
- Animals should be de-wormed before vaccination.
- Route of administration as recommended on the label of the vaccine bottle should be strictly followed.
- Protective immunity level can be achieved and maintained through adopting a planned vaccination.
- Use chilled diluents / normal saline for the reconstitution of lyophilized vaccine.
- After reconstitution, the inoculum must be kept cool and used within 2 hours.
- Empty ampoules/vials and left-over inoculum should be properly disposed off.
- The bottles, vials etc. should not be exposed to the direct sunlight or heat.
- The shelf-life of vaccine depends upon the proper storage conditions.
- Liquid biologics while storage shall not come in direct contact with cooling plate of refrigerator.
- Liquid biologics if get frozen shall never be used, all biologics should be stored at 2-8oC however, the lyophilized vaccines can be kept at -20oC.